OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Epimedium davidii on the content of testosterone，substance metabolism and anti-fatigue ability of rats. METHODS High-intensity endurance training rat model was used. Fifty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups，with 15 in each group(the rats which did not meet the requirement were removed)： still ig water group (C group)，exercise ig water group(T group)，and exercise ig Epimedium davidii group(TM group). Gavage was performed using professional device once a day. The rats in TM group were administered at a dose of 5 g·kg^-1 with ig volume of 5 mL·kg^-1. The rats in C and T groups were given saline of same volume. After 42 d of exhaustive swimming training，body weight，swimming time and serum testosterone and other biochemical markers were measured. RESULTS The body weights of the rats in TM group were greater than those in T group(P<0.05)，and the swimming time was longer than T group(P<0.01). Exhaustive swimming led to decreased serum testosterone，for which T group decreased by 28.85% more than C group(P<0.01). Compared with T group，TM group increased by 28.21%(P<0.01)in serum testosterone； the serum corticosterone levels in each group showed no significant differences，and the serum testosterone/corticosterone ratios changed in line with testosterone； liver glycogen and muscle glycogen reserves decreased. Compared with C group，the T group's glycogen decreased by 26.40%(P<0.01)，muscle glycogen decreased by 54.83%(P<0.01). Compared with T group，TM group had 20.68% higher liver glycogen(P<0.05)and 82.76% higher muscle glycogen(P<0.01)； FSH had no significant difference； blood urea increased and hemoglobin decreased compared with C group. Blood urea of T group increased by 66.32%(P<0.01)，and the hemoglobin decreased by 35.89%(P<0.01)； compared with T group，TM group had 27.85% lower blood urea(P<0.01)and 41.23% higher hemoglobin(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Epimedium davidii can alleviate the impact of high-intensity exercise on serum testosterone，and maintain it at normal physiological level； it can also promote protein synthesis，inhibit degradation of amino acid and protein，and increase hemoglobin and glycogen reserves in rats receiving exercise training.