[1] WONG L S, OESEBURG H, DE BOER R A, et al. Telomere biology in cardiovascular disease: the TERC-/- mouse as a model for heart failure and ageing[J]. Cardiovasc Res,2009,81(2:244-252. [2] SATO R,MAESAWA C,FUJISAWA K, et al. Prevention of critical telomere shortening by oestradiol in human normal hepatic cultured cells and carbon tetrachloride induced rat liver fibrosiis[J]. Gut,2004,53(7:1001-1009. [3] COHEN S B, GRAHAM M E, LOVRECZ G O, et al. Protein composition of catalytically active huamn telomerase from immortal cells[J]. Science,2007,315(5820:1850-1853. [4] CAO Y, BRYAN T M, REDDEL R R. Increased copy number of the TERT and TERC telomerase subunit genes in cancer cells[J]. Cancer Sci,2008,99(6:1092-1099. [5] HARLEY C B,FUTCHER A B,GREIDER C W. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts[J]. Nature,1990,345(6274:458-460. [6] MAIDA Y, YASUKAWA M, FURUUCHI M, et al. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA[J]. Nature, 2009,461(7261:230-235. [7] CONG Y, SHAY J W. Actions of human telomerase beyond telomeres[J]. Cell Res,2008,18(7:725-732. [8] PARKINSON E K, FITCHETT C, CERESER B. Dissecting the non-canonical functions of telomerase[J]. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2008,122(3-4:273-280. [9] BOLLMANN F M. The many faces of telomerase: emerging extratelomeric effects[J]. Bioessays,2008,30(8:728-732. [10] COUNTER C M, HAHN W C, WEI W, et al. Dissociation among in vitro telomerase activity, telomere maintenance, and cellular immortalization[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998,95(25:14723-14728. [11] MASUTOMI K, POSSEMATO R, WONG J M, et al. The telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates chromatin state and DNA damage responses[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005,102(23:8222-8227. [12] GONZ LEZ-SU REZ E, SAMPER E, RAM REZ A, et al. Increased epidermal tumors and increased skin wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the catalytic subunit of telomerase, mTERT, in basal keratinocytes[J]. EMBO J,2001,20(11:2619-2630. [13] CAYUELA M L, FLORES J M,BLASCO M A. The telomerase RNA component Terc is required for the tumour-promoting effects of Tert overexpression[J]. EMBO Rep, 2005,6(3:268-274. [14] FLORES I, CAYUELA M L, BLASCO M A. Effects of telomerase and telomere length on epidermal stem cell behavior[J]. Science, 2005,309(5738:1253-1256. [15] SARIN K Y, CHEUNG P, GILISON D, et al. Conditional telomerase induction causes proliferation of hair follicle stem cells[J]. Nature, 2005,436(7053:1048-1052. [16] CHOI J, SOUTHWORTH L K, SARIN K Y, et al. TERT promotes epithelial proliferation through transcriptional control of a Myc- and Wnt-related developmental program[J]. PLoS Genet, 2008,4(1:10. [17] SIEGL-CACHEDENIER I, FLORES I, KLATT P, et al. Telomerase reverses epidermal hair follicle stem cell defects and loss of long-term survival associated with critically short telomeres[J]. J Cell Biol, 2007, 179(2:277-290. [18] KONDO Y,KONDO S,TANAKA Y, et al. Inhibition of telomerase increases the susceptibility of human malignant glioblastoma cells to cisplatin-induceda poptosis[J]. Oncogene,1998, 16(17:2243-2248. [19] GORBUNOVA V,SELUANOV A,PEREIRA-SMITH O M. Expression of human telomerase (hTERT does not prevent stress-induced senescence in normal human fibroblasts but protects the cells from stress-induced apoptosis and necrosis[J]. J Biol Chem,2002,277(41:38540-38549. [20] ZHU H,FU W,MATTSON M P. The catalytic subunit of telomerase protects neurons against amyloid b-peptide-induced apoptosis[J]. J Neurochem,2000,75(1:117-124. [21] OH H,TAFFET G E,YOUKER K A, et al. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes cardiac muscle cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and survival[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(18:10308-10313. [22] KANG H J,CHOI Y S,HONG S B, et al. Ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase protects against brain injury resulting from ischemia and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity[J]. J Neurosci, 2004,24(6:1280-1287. [23] CAO Y,LI H,DEB S, et al. TERT regulates cell survival independent of telomerase enzymatic activity[J]. Oncogene,2002, 21(20:3130-3138. [24] RAHMAN R,LATONEN L,WIMAN K G. hTERT Antagonizes p53-induced apoptosis independently of telomerase activity[J]. Oncogene,2005,24(8: 1320-1327. [25] LEE J,SUNG Y H,CHEONG C, et al. TERT Promotes cellular and organismal survival independently of telomerase activity[J]. Oncogene,2008,27(26: 3754-3760. [26] AHMED S,PASSOS J F,BIRKET M J, et al. Telomerase does not counteract telomere shortening but protects mitochondrial function under oxidative stress[J]. J Cell Sci,2008,121(Pt 7:1046-1053. [27] HAENDELER J, DRSE S, BCHNER N, et al. Mitochondrial telomerase reverse transcriptase binds to and protects mitochondrial DNA and function from damage[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2009,29(6:929-935. [28] SANTOS J H, MEYER J N,VAN HOUTEN B. Mitochondrial localization of telomerase as a determinant for hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis[J]. Hum Mol Genet,2006,15(11:1757-1768. [29] BELIVEAU A, YASWEN P. Soothing the watchman: telomerase reduces the p53-dependent cellular stress response[J]. Cell Cycle,2007,6(11:1284-1287. [30] DAIRKEE S H, NICOLAU M, SAYEED A,et al. Oxidative stress pathways highlighted in tumor cell immortalization: association with breast cancer outcome[J]. Oncogene,2007,26(43:6269-6279. [31] MASSARD C, ZERMATI Y, PAULEAU A L, et al. hTERT: a novel endogenous inhibitor of the mitochondrial cell death pathway[J]. Oncogene,2006,25(33:4505-4514. [32] PASSOS J F, SARETZKI G, VON ZGLINICKI T. DNA damage in telomeres and mitochondria during cellular senescence: is there a connection[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2007,35(22:7505-7513. [33] SEIMIYA H, SAWADA H, MURAMATSU Y, et al. Involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in nuclear localization of telomerase[J]. Embo J,2000,19(11:2652-2661. [34] JAKOB S, ALTSCHMIED J, HAENDELER J. "Shping 2" different cellular localizations - a potential new player in aging processes[J]. Aging (Albany NY, 2009,1(7:664-668. [35] LEE J, JO Y S, SUNG Y H, et al. Telomerase deficiency affects normal brain functions in mice[J]. Neurochem Res,2010,35(2:211-218. [36] SASAKI M, IKEDA H, YAMAGUCHI J, et al. Telomere shortening in the damaged small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis reflects ongoing cellular senescence[J]. Hepatology,2008,48(1:186-195. [37] NAKAJIMA T, MORIGUCHI M, KATAGISHI T, et al. Premature telomere shortening and impaired regenerative response in hepatocytes of individuals with NAFLD[J]. Liver Int,2006, 26(1:23-31. [38] PARADIS V, YOUSSEF N, DARGERE D,et al. Replicative senescence in normal liver,chronic hepatitis C, and hepatocellular carcinomas[J]. Hum Pathol,2001,32(3:327-332. [39] KITADA T,SEKI S,KAWAKITA N, et al. Telomere shortening in chronic liver diseases[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1995,211(1:33-39. [40] WIEMANN S U,SATYANARAYANA A,TSAHURIDU M, et al. Hepatocyte telomere shortening and senescence are general markers of human liver cirrhosis[J]. Faseb J,2002,16(9:935-942. [41] TAHARA H, NAKANISHI T, KITAMOTO M, et al. Telomerase activity in human liver tissues: comparison between chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinomas[J]. Cancer Res,1995,55(13:2734-2736. [42] KAWAKAMI Y, KITAMOTO M, NAKANISHI T, et al. Immuno-histochemical detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in human liver tissues[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(34:3888-3893. [43] PARK Y M, CHOI J Y, BYUN B H, et al. Telomerase is strongly activated in hepatocellular carcinoma but not in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis[J]. Exp Mol Med,1998,30(1:35-40. [44] TAHARA H,NAKANISHI T,KITAMOTO M, et al. Telomerase activity in human liver tissues: comparison between chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinomas[J]. Cancer Res,1995,55(13:2734-2736. [45] HARADA K, YASOSHIMA M, OZAKI S, et al. PCR and in situ hybridization studies of telomerase subunits in human non-neoplastic livers[J]. J Pathol, 2001, 193(2: 210-217. [46] SCHNABL B, CHOI Y H, OLSEN J C, et al. Immortal activated human hepatic stellate cells generated by ectopic telomerase expression[J]. Lab Invest,2002, 82(3:323-333. [47] RUDOLPH K L, CHANG S, MILLARD M, et al. Inhibition of experimental liver cirrhosis in mice by telomerase gene delivery[J]. Science,2000,287(5456:1253-1258. [48] CAI W M. New progress in anti-hepatic fibrosis drug [J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志,2008, 43(3: 161-164.