OBJECTIVE To study the breeding system and insect pollinators of C. deserticola and to provide theory basis for seed production and breeding of C. deserticola. METHODS Different parameters including pollen viability， stigma pollination period， the total value of OCI， the value of P/O and experimentation in the field were applied to evaluate the breeding system. The behavior and species of pollinating and other foraging insects were preliminary studied and identified. RESULTS The OCI was 4， and the pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） was 292.78. The mean seed setting percentage and seed plumpness of xenogamy were 78.99% and 82.2% respectively， which were the higest among all treatments. By preliminary appraisal， there were 42 pollinating or foraging insect species belonging to 6 orders and 16 families， among which， 65.1% were from hymenoptera. The pollinating insects consisted of 27 species from 2 orders and 6 families， among which 24 species were from hymenoptera and 3 species from diptera. The main pollinators including Apis mellifera， Proxylocopa altaica， Anthophora plagiata and Anthophora erschowi. CONCLUSION The breeding system of C. deserticola should be cross-pollinating and need pollinators. The pollinators of cultivated C. deserticola are abundant， which is the guarantee of high seed setting percentage.
Key words
Cistanche deserticola /
cultivation /
breeding system /
pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） /
insect pollinator
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