Novel Methods on Improving Drugs Across the Blood-brain Tumor Barrier into the Tumor
LIU Shan-shan, WU Hai-xia, LI Jing, HU Peng-yi*, ZHENG Qin, ZHONG Yu, YANG Ming*
Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University, Nanchang 330004, China
Abstract:The treatment of brain tumors is greatly limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier/blood-brain tumor barrier. In recent years, the application of some new technologies has improved the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and improved the curative effect. However, malignant tumors cause the gap between the tight connections to be larger, and capillary leakage appears. Another barrier to glioma chemotherapy, the blood-brain tumor barrier, is formed among the leaky blood-brain barrier, the neovascular and malignant brain tumor tissues, which greatly limits the penetration and accumulation of drugs into the tumor. The author has reviewed relevant information at home and abroad in recent years, and then analyzed and summarized. This article not only analyzed the structural characteristics of the blood-brain tumor barrier, but also reviewed the technologies and methods which had been proved to improve the drug across the blood-brain tumor barrier such as drug combination, novel formulation technology, physical technology and biotechnology, aiming to explore the comprehensive treatment of brain tumors.
刘姗姗, 吴海霞, 李菁, 胡鹏翼, 郑琴, 钟钰, 杨明. 改善药物跨血脑肿瘤屏障入瘤方法的研究进展[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2019, 54(22): 1822-1830.
LIU Shan-shan, WU Hai-xia, LI Jing, HU Peng-yi, ZHENG Qin, ZHONG Yu, YANG Ming. Novel Methods on Improving Drugs Across the Blood-brain Tumor Barrier into the Tumor. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 54(22): 1822-1830.
CHANKONG T, THEERA UMPON N, AUEPHANWIRIYAKUL S. Automatic cervical cell segmentation and classification in Pap smears[J]. Comput Meth Prog Bio, 2014, 113(2):539-556.
[2]
O′KEEFFE E, CAMPBELL M. Modulating the paracellular pathway at the blood-brain barrier:current and future approaches for drug delivery to the CNS[J]. Drug Discov Today Technol, 2016, 20:35-39.
[3]
JAFARI B, POURSEIF M M, BARAR J, et al. Peptide-mediated drug delivery across theblood-brain barrierfor targeting brain tumors[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2019, 16(6):583-605.
[4]
CHEN K T, WEI K C, LIU H L.Theranostic strategy of focused ultrasound induced blood-brain barrier opening for CNS disease treatment[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2019, 10:86.
[5]
VAN TELLINGEN O, YETKIN-ARIK B, DE GOOIJER M C, et al. Overcoming the blood-brain tumor barrier for effective glioblastoma treatment[J]. Drug Resistance Updat, 2015, 19:1-12.
[6]
HENDRIEKS B K, COHEN-GADOL A A, MILLER J C. Novel delivery methods bypassing the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2015, 38(3):1-15.
[7]
ASHFAQ U A, RIAZ M, YASMEEN E, et al. Recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeted drug-delivery systems against cancer and role of tumor microenvironment[J]. Critl Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 2017, 34(4):317-358.
[8]
BUSSARD K M, MUTKUS L, STUMPF K, et al. Tumor-associated stromal cells as key contributors to the tumor microenvironment[J]. Breast Cancer Res, 2016, 18(1):84.
[9]
XU C, LIU K.Joint effects of bradykin in and papaverine on blood-tumor barrier permeability in brain of rats[J]. Chin J Public Health(中国公共卫生), 2018, 34(8):1117-1119.
[10]
LIU L B, LIU X B, MA J.Bradykinin increased the permeability of BTB via NOS/NO/ZONAB-mediating down-regulation of claudin-5 and occludin[J]. Bioche Bioph Res Commun, 2015, 464(1):118-125.
[11]
ZHANG H, GU Y T, XUE Y X. Bradykinin-induced blood brain tumor barrier permeability increase is mediated by adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channe [J]. Brain Res, 2007, 1144:33-41.
[12]
LIU L B, XUE Y X, LIU Y H, et al. Bradykinin increases blood-tumor barrier permeability by down-regulating the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 and rearranging actin cytoskeleton[J]. J Neuro Sci Res, 2010, 86(5):1153-1168.
[13]
SU B, WANG R, XIE Z, et al. Effect of retro-inverso isomer of bradykinin on size-dependent penetration of blood-brain tumor barrier[J]. Small, 2018, 14(7):1702331-1702340.
[14]
XIE Z, SHEN Q, XIE C, et al. Retro-inverso bradykinin opens the door of blood-brain tumor barrier for nanocarriers in glioma treatment[J]. Cancer Lett, 2015, 369(1):144-151.
[15]
KOICHIRO M, TAKANORI I, SHIN N, et al. Enhanced tumor uptake of carboplatin and survival in glioma-bearing rats by intracarotid infusion of bradykinin analog, RMP-7[J]. Neurosurgery, 1996, 39(1):125-134.
[16]
NAKANO S, MATSUKADO K, BLACK K. Enchanced cytokines delivery and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (lCAM-1) expression in glioma by intracarotid infusion of bradykinin analog, RMP-7[J]. Neurol Res, 1997, 19(5):501-508.
[17]
PRADOS M D, SCHOLD S C, FINE H A, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of RMP-7 incombination with carboplatin administered intravenously for the treatment ofrecurrent malignant glioma[J]. Neuro-Oncology, 2003, 5(2):96-103.
[18]
LIU X, CHANG Y, REINHART P H, et al. Cloning and characterization of glioma BK, a novel BK channel isoform highly expressed in human glioma cells[J]. J Neurosci, 2002, 22(5):1840-1849.
[19]
NINGARAJ N S, SANKPAL U T, KHAITAN D, et al. Modulation of KCa channels increases anticancer drug delivery to brain tumors and prolongs survival in xenograft model[J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2009, 8(20):1924-1933.
[20]
HU J, YUAN X, KOM H K, et al. Calcium-activated potassium channels mediated blood-brain tumor barrier opening in a rat metastatic brain tumor model[J]. Mol Cancer, 2007, 6(1):22-22.
[21]
NINGARAJ N S, RAO M, HASHIZUME K, et al. Regulation of blood-brain tumor barrier permeability by calcium-activated potassium channels[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2002, 301(3):838-851.
[22]
CAI R P, XUE Y X, HUANG J, et al. NS1619 Regulates the expression of caveolin-1 protein in a time-dependent manner via ROS/PI3K/PKB/FoxO1 signaling pathway in brain tumor microvascular endothelial cells[J]. J Neur Sci, 2016, 369:109-118.
[23]
EMILY B. Ion channels in development and cancer[J]. Annual Rev Cell Develop Bio, 2015, 31(1):231-247.
[24]
DIVYA K, NINGARAJ N S. Targeting potassium channels for increasing delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics to brain tumors[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2013, 4(4):62.
[25]
NINGARAJ N S, SANKPAL U T, KHAITAN D, et al. Activation of KATP channels increases anticancer drug delivery to brain tumors and survival[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2009, 602(2-3):188-193.
[26]
GU Y T, XUE Y X, WANG Y F, et al. Minoxidil sulfate induced the increase in blood-brain tumor barrier permeability through ROS/RhoA/PI3K/PKB signaling pathway[J]. Neuropharmacology, 2013, 75:407-415.
[27]
HOU L, FENG H, ZHANG P. Expressions and clinical significance of P glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated protein inbrain glioma [J]. Chin J Clin Oncol Rehabil(中国肿瘤临床与康复), 2018, 25(4):390-393.
[28]
DEMEULE M, SHEDID D, EDITH BEAULIEU, et al. Expression of multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein (MDR1) in human brain tumors[J]. Int J Cancer, 2001, 93(1):62-66.
[29]
MU Z J. Effect of quercetin on expression of p-glycoprotein in blood-brain barrier in glioma rats[J]. Strait Pharm J(海峡药学), 2015, 27(2):25-26.
[30]
YANG M, CAI S Z, WEI J, et al.Inhibitory effect of endostatin on the expression of phosphoglucoprotein in multidrug resistance glioma cell line GL15 cells anditsmeanings[J]. Chin J Clin Neurosurg(中国临床神经外科杂志), 2012, 17(2):97-99.
[31]
CARAGLIN M, ADDEO R, COSTANZO R, et al. Phase II study of temozolomide plus pegylatedliposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of brain metastases from solid tumours[J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2006, 57(1):34-39.
[32]
ZHANG R, SAITO R, SHIBAHARA I, et al. Temozolomide reverses doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in malignant glioma cells[J]. J Neuro Oncol, 2016, 126(2):235-242.
[33]
CHUA C, ZAIDEN N, CHONG K H, et al. Characterization of a side population of astrocytoma cells in response to temozolomide[J]. Neurosurg, 2008, 109:856-866.
[34]
BLEAU A M, HAMBARDZUMYAN D, OZAWA T, et al. PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the side population phenotype and ABCG2 activity in glioma tumor stem-like cells[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2009,4:226-235.
[35]
JIN Y, BIN Z Q, QIANG H, et al. ABCG2 is related with the grade of glioma and resistance to mitoxantone, a chemotherapeutic drug for glioma[J]. Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2009, 135:1369-1376.
[36]
BHATIA P, BERNIER M, SANGHVI M, et al. Breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP/ABCG2) localizes to the nucleus in glioblastoma multiforme cells[J]. Xenobiotica, 2012, 42(8):748-755.
[37]
WANG N B, ZHANG Q X, NING B L, et al. β-Asarone promotes temozolomide′s entry into glioma cells and decreases the expression of P-glycoprotein and MDR1[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 90:368-374.
[38]
WANG N B, ZHANG Q X, NING B L, et al. Comparison research on four effective constituent of resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs in promoting temozolomide into U251 cells and the mechanism in decreasing drug resistance[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm(中华中医药杂志), 2017, 32(5):2206-2209.
[39]
DUAN M M, XING Y M, GUO J Q, et al. Borneol increases blood-tumour barrier permeability by regulating the expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins[J]. Pharm Biol, 2016, 54(12):3009-3018.
[40]
XING Y M. Role of MAPKss Signal Transduction Pathway in Natural Borneol Mediated Blood Tumor Barrier Permeability Increase[D]. Guangzhou University Chin Med(广州中医药大学),2016.
[41]
LIU W J, YIN Y B, SUN J Y, et al. Natural borneol is a novel chemosensitizer that enhances temozolomide-induced anticancer efficiency against human glioma by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxide species-mediated oxidative damage[J]. Oncol Targets Ther, 2018, 11:5429-5439.
[42]
GUO Y Y, WANG P Y.Chemo-sensitization effect of borneol combined with paclitaxel on brain glioma cell lines[J]. Asia-Pacific Tradit Med(亚太传统医药), 2018, 14(9):9-11.
[43]
SU J, LAI H, CHEN J, et al. Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(5).
[44]
WU T, ZHANG A Q, ZHOU Q Q, et al. Relationship between extent of borneol open blood-brain tumor barrier and H2 receptor expression[J]. J Tradit Chin Med(中国中医药学刊), 2016, 34(5):1081-1083.
[45]
MOHAMMAD A S, GRIFFITH J I, AKINS C E, et al. Liposomal irinotecan accumulates in metastatic lesions, crosses the blood-tumor barrier (BTB), and prolongs survival in an experimental model of brain metastases of triple negative breast cancer[J]. Pharm Res, 2018, 35(2):31.
[46]
XU Y L, YING X, WANG Y H, et al. Research for inhibitory effect of resveratrol liposomes on C6 glioma cells[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2017, 23(18):1-6.
[47]
ZHAO Y, REN W, ZHONG T, et al. Tumor-specific pH-responsive peptide-modified pH-sensitive liposomes containing doxorubicin for enhancing glioma targeting and anti-tumor activity[J]. J Controlled Release, 2016, 222:56-66.
[48]
HAN W, YIN G, PU X, et al. Glioma targeted delivery strategy of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes by dual-ligand modification[J]. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2017, 28(15):1695-1712.
[49]
BELHADJ Z, ZHAN C, YING M, et al. Multifunctional targeted liposomal drug delivery for efficient glioblastoma treatment[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(40):66889-66900.
[50]
YING M, ZHAN C, WANG S, et al. Liposome-based systemic glioma-targeted drug delivery enabled by All-D peptides[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8:29977-29985.
[51]
LIN X X, LI J X, GUO X Y. Research of interleukin-13 modified BCNU micelles in targeted therapy for glioma[J]. Pharm Clin Res(药学与临床研究), 2016, 24(4):273-277.
[52]
PANJA S, DEY G, BHARTI R, et al. Tailor-made temperature-sensitive micelle for targeted and on-demand release of anticancer drugs[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(19):12063-12074.
[53]
YUAN P, HANG J S, XIAO H, et al. Codelivery of temozolomide and siRNA with polymeric nanocarrier for effective glioma treatment[J]. Inter J Nanomed, 2018, 13:3467-3480.
[54]
JIAO X X, HU C L, HE M, et al. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of angiopep-2-modified brain-targeting polypeptide micelles[J]. Acad J Second Mil Med Univ(第二军医大学学报), 2018, 39(4):411-416.
[55]
MAO J, RAN D, XIE C, et al. EGFR/EGFRvIII Dual-targeting peptide-mediated drug delivery for enhanced glioma therapy[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9(29):24462-24475.
[56]
REN Y, ZHAN C, GAO J, et al. A D-peptide ligand of integrins for simultaneously targeting angiogenic blood vasculature and glioma cells[J]. Mol Pharm, 2018, 15(2):592-601.
[57]
TIAN Y, MI G J, CHEN Q, et al. Acid-induced activated cell-penetrating peptide-modified cholesterol-conjugated polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate mixed micelles for pH-triggered drug release and efficient brain tumor targeting based on a charge reversal mechanism[J]. ACS Appl Mater Inter, 2018, 10:43411-43428.
[58]
MIURA Y, TAKENAKA T, TOH K, et al. Cyclic RGD-linked polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of platinum anticancer drugs to glioblastoma through the blood-brain tumor barrier[J]. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(10):8583-8592.
[59]
QUADER S, LIN X, CHEN Y, et al. cRGD Peptide-installed epirubicin-loaded polymeric micelles for effective targeted therapy against brain tumors[J]. J Controlled Release, 2017, 258:56-66.
[60]
CHEN X S, TAI L Y, GAO J, et al. A stapled Peptide antagonist of MDM2 carried by polymeric micelles sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide treatment through p53 activation[J]. J Controlled Release, 2015, 218:29-35.
[61]
RAN D, MAO J, ZHAN C, et al. D-retro-enantiomer of quorum sensing peptides-modified polymeric micelles for brain tumor targeted drug delivery[J]. ACS Appl Mater Inter, 2017, 9(31):25672-25682.
[62]
KANG J H, CHO J, KO Y T. Investigation on the effect of nanoparticle size on the blood-brain tumour barrier permeability by in situ perfusion via internal carotid artery in mice[J]. J Drug Target, 2019, 27(1):103-110.
[63]
XING H L.Study on glioma targeted drug delivery system via IL-13Ra2mediated endocytosis[C]. CPA: China Pharmaceutical Congress, 2014:9.
[64]
JIANG Y, WANG X, LIU W, et al. Enhanced antigliomaefficacy of ultrahigh loading capacity paclitaxel prodrug conjugate self-assembled targeted nanoparticles[J]. ACS Appl Mater Inter, 2017, 9(1):211-217.
[65]
WANG X, ZHANG Q, LV L, et al. Glioma and microenvironment dual targeted nanocarrier for improved antiglioblastoma efficacy[J]. Drug Deliv, 2017, 24(1):1401-1409.
[66]
CUI L, WANG Y, LIANG M, et al. Dual-modified natural high density lipoprotein particles for systemic glioma-targeting drug delivery[J]. Drug Deliv, 2018, 25(1):1865-1876.
[67]
ZHAI M F, WANG Y L, ZHANG L G, et al. Glioma targeting peptide modified apoferritin nanocagea[J]. Drug Deliv, 2018, 25(1):1013-1024.
[68]
HU J, HU K, CHENG Y . Tailoring the dendrimer core for efficient gene delivery[J]. Acta Biomater, 2016, 35:1-11.
[69]
XU L, ZHANG H, WU Y. Dendrimer advances for the central nervous system delivery of therapeutics[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2014, 5(1):2-13.
[70]
LIU P, HUANG Z, CHEN Z, et al. Silver nanoparticles: a novel radiation sensitizer for glioma?[J]. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(23):11829-11836.
[71]
HUANG A H,HAN S P,LU Y P, et al. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of arsenic trioxide glioma targeting drug delivery system loaded by PAMAM dendrimers co-modified with RGDyC and PEG[J]. Chin J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2018, 43(8):1618-1625.
[72]
LIU Y P, HAN A P, ZHENG H Y, et al. A novel RGDyC/PEG co-modified PAMAM dendrimer-loaded arsenic trioxide of glioma targeting delivery system [J]. Int J Nanomed, 2018, 13:5937-5952.
[73]
SHARMA A K, GUPTA L, SAHU H, et al. Chitosan engineered PAMAM dendrimers as nanoconstructs for the enhanced anti-cancer potential and improved in vivo brain pharmacokinetics of temozolomide[J]. Pharm Res, 2018, 35(1):9.
[74]
GAO S, LI J F, JIANG C, et al. Plasmid pORF-hTRAIL targeting to glioma using transferrin-modified polyamidoaminedendrimer[J]. Drug Des Dev Ther, 2016, 10:1-11.
[75]
LI J J, GUO M M, HAN S P, et al. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of borneol and folic acid co-modified doxorubicin loaded PAMMAM drug delivery system[J]. Acta Pharm Sin(药学学报), 2015, 50(7):899-905.
[76]
XU X L, LI J J, HAN S P, et al. A novel doxorubicin loaded folic acid conjugated PAMAM modified with borneol, a nature dual-functional product of reducing PAMAM toxicity and boosting BBB penetration[J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2016, 88:178-190.
[77]
QIU J R, KONG L D, CAO X Y, et al. Enhanced delivery of therapeutic sirna into glioblastoma cells using dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles conjugated with β-cyclodextrin[J]. Nanomaterials, 2018, 8(3):131.
[78]
ZAREBKOHANA, NAJAFIF, MOGHIMIH R, et al. SRL-Coated PAMAM dendrimer nano-carrier for targeted gene delivery to the glioma cells and competitive inhibition by lactoferrin[J]. Iran J Pharm Res, 2016, 15(4):629-640.
[79]
JIANGY, LV L, SHI H, et al. PEGylated Polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugated with tumor homing peptide as a potential targeted delivery system for glioma[J]. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces, 2016, 147:242-249.
[80]
HAN S P, ZHENG H, LU Y, et al. A novel synergetic targeting strategy for glioma therapy employing borneol combination with angiopep-2-modified, DOX-loaded PAMAM dendrimer[J]. J Drug Target, 2018, 26(1):86-94.
[81]
XIE H, LU W C, DING X H, et al. Study of hyaluronic acid chitosanbased microemulsion on the permeability of blood tumor barrierin rat[J]. J Chin Pharm Univ(中国医科大学学报), 2014, 43(8):703-705, 709.
[82]
LU W C, XIE H, DING X H, et al. Therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid chitosan-based microemulsion and carboplatin on glioma in rats[J]. J Shenyang Med Coll(沈阳医学院学报), 2016, 18(3):149-150, 153.
[83]
SHINDER L, DEVARAJAN P V. Docosahexaenoic acid-mediated, targeted and sustained brain delivery of curcumin microemulsion[J]. Drug Deliv, 2017, 24(1):152-161.
[84]
CHEN X, YANG H B, HU Y Q, et al. Enhanced brain targeting of curcumin by intranasal administration of a thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel[J]. Pharm Clin Res(药学与临床研究), 2013, 21(1):9-12.
[85]
LI N, YE Y J, YANG M, et al. Evaluation of brain-targeting of nasal baicalin-phospholipid complex in situ gel[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2011, 46(16):1254-1258.
[86]
HE W, XIAO M, GUO X X.Pharmacokinetics and braintargeting ability of gastrodin nasal in situ gel in rats[J]. Chin Pharm(中国药师), 2017, 20(1):68-72.
[87]
XU Y Y.Paclitaxel and temozolomide Co-delivered nano composite thermo-sensitive gel system for glioblastoma[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2015.
[88]
TURABEEM H, JEONGY H, RAMALINGAM P. N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan embedded in situ Pluronic F127 hydrogel for the treatment of brain tumor[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 203:302-309.
[89]
ARYAL M, ARVANITIS C D, ALEXANDERPM, et al. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2014, 72:94-109.
[90]
MCDANNOLDN, ARVANITIS C D, VYKHODTSEVAN, et al. Temporary disruption of the blood-brain barrier by use of ultrasound and microbubbles: safety and efficacy evaluation in rhesus macaques[J]. Cancer Res, 2012, 72:3652-3663.
[91]
ARVANITIS C D, LIVINGSTONEM S, VYKHODTSEVAN, et al. Controlled ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption using passive acoustic emissions monitoring[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9):e45783.
[92]
PARK J, ARYAL M, VYKHODTSEVA N, et al. Evaluation of permeability, doxorubicin delivery, and drug retention in a rat brain tumor model after ultrasound-induced blood-tumor barrier disruption[J]. J Controlled Release, 2017, 250:77-85.
[93]
SHEN Y Y, PI Z, YAN, et al. Enhanced delivery of paclitaxel liposomes using focused ultrasound with microbubbles for treating nude mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma xenografts[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2017, 12:5613-5629.
[94]
ZHANG Z, XIA C Y, LIU Y H, et al. Low frequency ultrasound selected for evaluating permeation of blood-tumor barrier: experimental study in rats[J]. Chin J Ultr Me(中国超声医学杂志), 2008(7):580-583.
[95]
SONG Y, ZHENG X J, XIE Y X.The effect of caveolin-1 on occludin expression in the selective opened bloodtumor barrier irradiated by low-frequency ultrasound[J]. Prog Anato Sci(解剖科学进展), 2017, 23(2):119-122.
[96]
XIA C Y, CONG X F, LIU Y H. Possible mechanisms of the increase in the permeability of the bloodtumor barrier obtained by combiing low-frequency ultrasound irradiation with small-dose bradykinin in rat[J]. Prog Anato Sci(解剖科学进展), 2011, 17(3):294-299.
[97]
XIA C Y, LIU Y H, WANG P, et al. Low-frequency ultrasound irradiation increases blood-tumor barrier permeability by transcellular pathway in a rat glioma model[J]. J Mol Neurosci, 2012, 48(1):281-290.
[98]
ZHANG J L, LIU H, DU X S, et al. Increasing of blood-brain tumor barrier permeability through transcellular and paracellular pathways by microbubble-enhanced diagnostic ultrasound in a C6 glioma model[J]. Front Neurosci-Switz, 2017, 11:86.
[99]
SHEN S Y, YU H, LIU X B, et al. PIWIL1/piRNA-DQ593109 regulates the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier via the MEG3/miR-330-5p/RUNX3 axis[J]. Mol Ther-Nucl Acids, 2018, 10(C):412-425.
[100]
GUO J, CAI H, MA J, et al. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 regulates permeability of the blood-tumor barrier via miR-181d-5p-mediated expression changes in ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5[J]. BBA-Mol Basis Dis, 2017, 1863(9):2240-2254.
[101]
KAO J, HOUCK K, FAN Y, et al. Characterization of a novel tumorderived cytokine. Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II[J]. J Biol Chem, 1994, 269(40):25106-25119.
[102]
ZHAO L, ZHANG Y. miR-342-3p affects hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via regulating NF-κB pathway[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2015, 457(3):370-377.
[103]
CHEN L, XUE Y, ZHENG J, et al. MiR-429 regulated by endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-Ⅱ(emap-Ⅱ) influences blood-tumor barrier permeability by inhibiting the expressions of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5[J]. Front Mol Neurosci, 2018, 11:35.
[104]
XU X, LIU X B, XIE Y X, et al. Endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide Ⅱ increases blood-tumor barrier permeability by up-regulating LINC00263[J]. Prog Anato Sci(解剖科学进展), 2018, 24(1):41-44+48.
[105]
JIAHUI L, LIBO L, SHUO C, et al. The role of miR-330-3p/PKC-α signaling pathway in low-dose endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide-Ⅱ increasing the permeability of blood-tumor barrier[J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2017, 11:358.
[106]
GU Y T, CA R P, ZHANG C, et al. miR-132-3p boosts caveolae-mediated transcellular transport in glioma endothelial cells by targeting PTEN/PI3K/PKB/Src/Cav-1 signaling pathway[J]. Faseb J, 2019, 33(1):441-454.